Should Women Abuse Be A Worldwide Public Health Problem...

First Draft In a society known for its advancements in many aspects, it is hard to comprehend how less than 40 years ago, male to female assaults behind closed doors were invisible and unacknowledged. Even family therapists refused to recognized gendered violence. The highly valued and widely read Journal of Marriage and Family did not speak of relationships where there was violence but only referred to them as only conflicts that may arise within marriage. The authors even addressed this â€Å"conflicts† as a norm, and even healthy when it came to familial relationships (Dekesered, 297). Although today’s society does not cover up the horrors that may occur through male to female assault, it does not do a great job of addressing it or even acknowledging its actual harm to women. In fact, there is plenty of evidence stating that women abuse has become a worldwide public health problem. The World Health Organization conducted a multi-country study and found that out of th e over 24,000 women who resided in urban and rural parts of 10 countries that were interviewed, the percentage assaulted physically or sexually by and intimate partner ranged doom 15 to 71% (Dekesered, 298). There are prominent politicians, journalists, activists, and researchers who minimize the alarming extent of woman abuse. Numerous sociologists argue that there is something about broader structural and cultural forces, such as patriarchy, that allows for so many women to be victimized (Dekesered, 297). AllShow MoreRelatedShould Women Abuse Be A Worldwide Public Health Problem? Essay1962 Words   |  8 Pageshorrors that may occur through male to female assault, it does not do a great job of addressing it or even acknowledging its actual harm to women. In fact, there is plenty of evidence stating that women abuse has become a worldwide public health problem. The World Health Organization conducted a multi-country study and found that out of the over 24,000 women who resided in urban and rural parts of 10 countries that were interviewed, the percentage assaulted physically or sexually by and intimateRead MoreViolence Against Women s Violence872 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Violence against women unfortunately is a very prevalent and critical issue in our society. It is a worldwide but still hidden problem. Freedom from the threat of harassment, battering, and sexual assault is a concept that most of us have a hard time imagining because violence is such a deep part of our cultures and our lives. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI), it is estimated that 84,376 forcible rapes were reported to law enforcement in 2012, estimated at 52Read MoreIntimate Partner Violence1364 Words   |  6 Pagesthan one would think and it is not singularly a United States problem but a global concern. Why and how is IPV a global concern in this modern era? Surely no woman in her right mind would choose to stay in an abusive relationship? Unfortunately, until recently, IPV has been running rampant, being overlooked as an issue just between partners, not a public health concern. Research on domestic violence can enlighten professionals and the public on th e latter questions and on varying degrees of factors andRead MoreThe Social Acceptance Of Alcohol1732 Words   |  7 Pagesalcohol all over the world, whether it be social or cultural, is the leading cause of why alcohol addiction is so prevalent especially in the United States. Alcohol is the second leading cause of death in the US and one of the most abused drugs worldwide. It is the â€Å"third leading preventable cause of death in the United States† with â€Å"nearly 88,000 peaople† dying from it annually (Alcohol Facts and Statistics). There are many facts and statistics that are available throughout the internet and pamphletsRead MoreThe Effects of Violence on Women Essay1662 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effects of Violence on Women Violence affects the lives of millions of women worldwide, in developing, as well as in developed countries. It cuts across cultural and religious barriers, restricting women from fully participating in society. Violence against women has many forms in which it comes in, from domestic abuse and rape to child marriages and female circumcision. All are violations of the most fundamentalRead MoreDomestic Violence : A Global Phenomenon1653 Words   |  7 Pagesphenomenon; research suggests that up to fifty percent of women worldwide have been physically abused by their intimate partner. Domestic violence can be defined as an incident or threatening behavior regarding violence or abuse between adults who are or have been considered intimate partners (Bradbury-Jones, C., Duncan, F., Kroll, T., Moy, M., Taylor, J. 2011, p 35). Domestic Violence is a serious and prevalent health issue that affects victims worldwide and unfortunately is associated with considerableRead MoreEssay on Sexual Abuse on Women1250 Words   |  5 PagesSexual abuse, also known as sexual assault, is any sort of sexual activity that one doesn’t agree to which includes, inappropriate touching, vaginal, anal, or oral penetration, sexual intercourse that one says no to, rape, attempted rape, as well as child molestation. Sexual abuse is usually verbal or visual. It can also be anything that forces a person to be in unwanted sexual contact. There are many examples of sexual abuse like voyeurism, exhibitionism, incest, and sexual harassment. VoyeurismRead MoreIntimate Partner Violence: What is it and how can you get help?1300 Words   |  6 PagesIntimate Partner Violence: What is it and how can you get help? Abuse is any behavior that is used to control and subdue another person through the use and fear of physical, emotional, and sexual assaults. Intimate partner violence can come in many forms. I will discuss these further as well as treatment options and services that are available for individuals in these abusive relationships. Intimate Partner Violence Intimate partner violence (IPV) or domestic violence, is violence that occursRead MoreCauses Of Domestic Violence1285 Words   |  6 Pagesviolence is a serious problem, which occurs in many countries. In recent years, domestic violence has been recognized as a serious problem globally. The only common thing between these problems are that the vast majority of the victims are women. Domestic Violence is a pattern of behavior used to establish power and control over another through emotional, physical, and mental attacks. Domestic violence and child maltreatment are considered not only a worldwide public health problem but also a major violationRead MoreDomestic Violence Against Women Essay974 Words   |  4 PagesDomestic abuse against women In her news article, the spokesperson for amnesty international describes domestic violence as a worldwide phenomenon that violates the human rights of female victims (Mite, 2005). In addition, the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) described violence against women as â€Å"a global epidemic that kills, tortures, and maims – physically, psychologically, sexually and economically. It is one of the most pervasive of human rights violations, denying women and girls

The Diverse Nature of Psychology Essays - 919 Words

The Diverse Nature of Psychology Psychology, though a young field, is a uniquely successful one, flourishing in the twentieth century through intellectual and social expansion (Darity, 2008). From its philosophical roots to its emergence as a scientific discipline, the field of psychology has been concerned with behavior and mental processes. By its very nature, the field is diverse encompassing many subdisciplines and areas. The American Psychological Association recognizes more than 50 different divisions in the field, marked either by area of study or area of practice. Because of its diverse nature, the field has become widely applicable and valuable in many other fields. Psychology has successfully been applied to fields like†¦show more content†¦Social psychologists are interested in one’s perception of his or herself, nonverbal behavior, and group behavior. For example, the horrific acts of WWII and the Holocaust gave rise to this area as researchers became inte rested in such phenomena as conformity, obedience, and groupthink. Another, and perhaps the largest subdiscipline in the broad field of psychology is that of clinical psychology. Clinical psychologists are concerned with the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological disorders. Some clinical psychologists sometimes work specifically with severe disorders such as schizophrenia and depression, while others help people cope with personal struggles and issues like death or divorce (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2009). Personally, I have known people who have benefited greatly from seeing a psychologist. Major life changes seem to test people’s resiliency and I am of the belief that psychologists, being empowered with the knowledge and education to help someone overcome their struggles, is truly one of the most rewarding careers that exist. Moreover, within the realm of clinical psychology, there exist many areas of specialization such as neuropsychology, child psychology , and geropsychology. Psychological testing is a subtopic of clinical psychology. Clinical psychologistsShow MoreRelatedThe Diverse Nature Of Psychology1183 Words   |  5 PagesThe Diverse Nature of Psychology When a person is asked about what psychology means, typically the first definition heard is human behavior and then usually the mind and brain are next. While those definitions are partially true, the field of psychology is essentially an umbrella term used to describe several different subdisciplines of psychology. Some subdisciplines focus on different aspects of a person such as cognition, motivation, behaviors, personality and other subdisciplines focus theRead MoreThe Diverse Nature Of Psychology1157 Words   |  5 Pages The Diversity Nature of Psychology Anna Van Norton PSY/490 June 29, 2015 Dr. Edna Foster The Diverse Nature of Psychology Psychology is a diverse area of study; it is not an easy task. The field of psychology is so diverse and is always changing and evolving. Because of the always expanding of nature, there is not just only one theory that can explain and answer all of the questions that are associated with psychology. Psychology has always been defined by its diversity. It is theRead MoreThe Diverse Nature Of Psychology1200 Words   |  5 Pages The Diverse Nature of Psychology Name Institution The Diverse Nature of Psychology Introduction Psychology consists of a wide collection of diverse concepts, which influence its precise nature that includes the study of behavior and mind in different organisms. Ideally, these organisms range from the most complex to the most primitive. In essence, diversity involves recognizing the variability of characteristics, which make people unique such as their physical appearance, partnered/maritalRead MoreDiverse Nature of Psychology Essay1150 Words   |  5 PagesDiverse Nature of Psychology Jessica Champion PSY / 490 July 2, 2012 University of Phoenix Diverse Nature of Psychology Psychology is a diverse area of study. Within this paper it will discuss the influence of diversity and it’s major concepts within psychology. 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This paper is concerned with the assessment of two sub-disciplines and sub-topicsRead MoreThe Diverse Nature of Psychology Essay examples1075 Words   |  5 PagesThe Diverse Nature of Psychology The American Psychological Association has identified 54 divisions within the field of psychology (Plante, 2011). Each division has stemmed from one of the seven major perspectives: psychodynamic, behavioral, humanistic, cognitive, sociocultural, biological, and evolutionary. This diversity within psychology, allows psychologists the ability to expand in all areas of explanation, assessment, and diagnoses, which furthers the science of psychology through many differentRead MoreThe Diver810 Words   |  4 Pagesse Nature of Psychology The Diverse Nature of Psychology Christine Woyner PSY 490 September 19, 2011 Edna Foster The Diverse Nature of Psychology The diverse nature of psychology begins with making a difference in a diverse setting. This involves the implementation of critical psychology concepts, subdisciplines and subtopics, motivation, behaviorism, and cognition. Moreover, these subdisciplines and subtopics may be applied to other disciplines in contemporary society. In additionRead MoreThe Study of Human Behavior in Given Situations1613 Words   |  7 PagesPsychology is a social science study that covers diverse subject topics and carries out different forms of research in order to understand the development and function of human beings. It is a scientific study that focuses on peoples mind and its functions especially those affecting behavior in a particular context. Psychology is divided into different branches, and each branch addresses its own form of content in relation to mental processes and behavior. Social psychology is one of the psychologyRead MoreThe Founding Of The First Laboratory By Wilhelm Wundt Essay7 97 Words   |  4 Pagesof the first laboratory by Wilhelm Wundt in 1879 began the fascination for psychological research. Psychology had not yet became a science until Wundt realized that human activities can be examined through careful observations, manipulations, descriptions, and control aimed at measuring/ predicting behavior. Early on psychology was about the study of behavior and mental processes. Today, psychology ranges from neural messages to cultural influences. Wundt adopted protocols from physiology and physicsRead MoreAdolescent Psychology Essay 31067 Words   |  5 PagesQuestion: What Is Psychology? One of the most common questions asked by students new to the study of psychology is What is psychology? Misperceptions created by popular media as well as the diverse careers paths of those holding psychology degrees have contributed this confusion. Psychology is both an applied and academic field that studies the human mind and behavior. Research in psychology seeks to understand and explain thought, emotion, and behavior. Applications of psychology include mental

Economic Principles to Environmental Policy

Question: Discuss about the Economic Principles to Environmental Policy. Answer: Introduction: This research study would focus on the impact of smoking rates in the Australian economy and the cost of the economy. In the words of Sun Daniels (2014), the negative externality of smoking which is the root cause of the market failure has been critically evaluated, and the effectiveness of the initiative of Australian Governments for diminishing the smoking rates through the process of plain packaging has been assessed in this research study. Moreover, relevant charts, tables, and graphs have been used sources of evidence to represent the analysis in a significant manner. Rates of smoking and cost to the economy From the current study of the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), it can be inferred that increase in smoking rates in Australia is considered as a serious threat to the country as mainly young generations are severely affected for that along with the increase in cost of the nation and decrease in social benefit of the economy. According to the social survey report of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander, both males and females are identified as daily smokers within the age group of 15 years (Department of Health | Tobacco Control key facts and figures, 2016). However, the report of the survey would deduce that the rate of smoking in both the cases is continuously decreasing from the year 2002 to 2015. Previously, the rate of male smokers was 41% in 2002 which is declined to 38.9% in the year of 2015, and the percentage of female smokers has fallen from 43% to 36% in the year of 2015 (Department of Health | Tobacco Control key facts and figures, 2016). Figure 1: Smoking rate of Australia in different age groups Source: (Health behaviors and other risks to health (AIHW), 2016) Furthermore, the young generations of Australia are very much addicted to the smoking; though the rate of smoking has declined from 39% to 31% in the year 2015 within the age group of 15 to 24 years. In addition, as per the health survey of ABS, approximately 12.7% people within the age group of 45 years smoked on a daily basis; since 52.6% people never smoked in the life (Department of Health | Tobacco Control key facts and figures, 2016). Apart from this, the tendency of smoking is higher in the remote and outer regional of Australia compared to the major cities and inner regional areas. Year/ Gender 2001 2004-05 2007-08 2011-12 Male 27.20% 26.20% 23.00% 20.40% Female 21.20% 20.30% 19.00% 16.30% Table 1: Rate of smoking of male and female in different years Source: (Gender Indicators, Australia, Jan 2013, 2016) Figure 2: Bar diagram of male and female smokers in different years Source: (Gender Indicators, Australia, Jan 2013, 2016) From the above dataset of male and female smokers in Australia in different years, a bar diagram has been provided in this context to get a clear view of rate of smoking in this above-concerned country. In this perspective, due to increase rate of smoking, the cost of the economy rises in a significant manner. The increase in smoking rate would enhance the social cost and health cost of the nation leading to the death rate of the economy which increased from 19429 in the year 1999 to 14901 to the year of 2005 (The costs of smoking - Tobacco In Australia, 2016). Figure 3: Tangible and Intangible cost of the economy Source: (The costs of smoking - Tobacco In Australia, 2016) From the above figure, the associated cost of smoking namely tangible and intangible cost is presented in this context, which is linked with the labor costs, health illness, and abusive consumption, loss of joyful life, psychological coats and cost of fires which is associated with smoking. Negative externality and market failure of the economy According to Ashley, Nardinelli Lavaty (2015), negative externalities would influence the market failures of the economy as it causes health care diseases, lungs cancer and pollution in the economy, which is not desirable. Moreover, in this perspective, the amount of private benefit is higher than the amount of social benefit for which the deadweight loss of economy occurs. The consumption level of the economy is much higher than the socially efficient level of the economy along with the lower level of price (Sun Daniels, 2014). Figure 3: Negative externality of the economy Source: (Pearson Australia, 2016) According to the figure, the demand curve of social benefit refers to the consumption of cigarettes which is lower than the demand curve of private benefit. As the people of this country over consumed the cigarettes, the market equilibrium of the economy is higher than the socially efficient level of equilibrium (Sassi, Merkur McDaid, 2015). As a result, deadweight loss occurs in the nation, which is a serious threat to the economy. Policy of plain packaging system In this context, the Australian government would take an initiative of plain packaging for reducing the increased level of smoking rate. The policy would concentrate on the facts of expanding and updating of the health warnings and regulate the restriction on the advertisement of tobacco consumption which is beneficial to diminish the habit of tobacco consumption (Department of Health | Introduction of Tobacco Plain Packaging in Australia, 2016). Furthermore, the Australian government imposed a tax on smoking and increased the excise duty approximately 25% in the year of 2010. In addition, the people who are engaged to smuggling offenses are punished by the government of the country. To regulate the act successfully, the Australian government would impose an act of Tobacco Plain Packaging in the year 2011 and Tobacco Plain Packaging Regulations in the year 2011 for diminishing the consumption of tobacco. To effective the policy regarding the plain packaging system, the Australian government would levy an excise duty according to the weight of the production of tobacco and cigarette and rose the real excise duty of the tobacco products through the index of Consumer Price from the year of 1993 to the year 1995 (The costs of smoking - Tobacco In Australia, 2016). By increasing the prices of tobacco through the procedure of taxation, the governments of this country would be able to reduce the health issues, death, and diseases which are mainly caused by the bad impact of smoking. In the words of Sassi, Merkur McDaid (2015), due to increasing in the price of tobacco products would influence to fall the consumption rate of this product which is a very effective proced ure for the plain packaging system. On the contrary, as commented by Soon, Jean Tan (2015), this policy would be ineffective to reduce the consumption of tobacco and cigarettes as the human nature always addicted to smoking. Figure 4: Phase of plain packaging system of different age groups Source: (Department of Health | Evaluation of Tobacco Plain Packaging in Australia, 2016) The above figure depicts the fact that the plain packaging system is effective for reducing the consumption of smoking in different age groups. The young generations would positively respond compare to the other age groups of the people in this context. Though the policy has faced some barrier through the factors of elasticity, rent seeking, industry opposition, unexpected consequences and asymmetric information by which the effectiveness of this policy cannot be achieved fully (Ashley, Nardinelli Lavaty, 2015). In the words of Soon, Jean Tan (2015), the rise in the price of the cigarettes would not have any direct impact on the amount of consumption as the nature of the product is inelastic. Moreover, most of the smokers are not aware of the government policies which are beneficial to their health and do not bother about the imposition of tax and excise duty on the price of cigarettes. Conclusion: By referring to the above analysis, it can be inferred that the Australian government would concentrate on reducing the tendency of smoking in different age groups of the people by the plain packaging system. But, the policy has faced some problems relating to the asymmetric information and elasticity of products. Reference list: The costs of smoking - Tobacco In Australia. (2016).Tobaccoinaustralia.org.au. Retrieved 30 August 2016, from https://www.tobaccoinaustralia.org.au/chapter-17-economics/17-2-the-costs-of-smoking Gender Indicators, Australia, Jan 2013. (2016).Abs.gov.au. Retrieved 30 August 2016, from https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/4125.0main+features3320Jan%202013 Ashley, E. M., Nardinelli, C., Lavaty, R. A. (2015). Estimating the benefits of public health policies that reduce harmful consumption.Health economics,24(5), 617-624. Department of Health | Evaluation of Tobacco Plain Packaging in Australia. (2016).Health.gov.au. Retrieved 30 August 2016, from https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/tobacco-plain-packaging-evaluation#a Department of Health | Introduction of Tobacco Plain Packaging in Australia. (2016).Health.gov.au. Retrieved 30 August 2016, from https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/tobacco-plain Department of Health | Tobacco Control key facts and figures. (2016).Health.gov.au. Retrieved 30 August 2016, from https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/tobacco-kff Health behaviours and other risks to health (AIHW). (2016).Aihw.gov.au. Retrieved 30 August 2016, from https://www.aihw.gov.au/australias-health/2014/health-behaviours/ Sassi, F., Merkur, S., McDaid, D. (2015). Introduction to the economics of health promotion and disease prevention.Promoting Health, Preventing Disease The Economic Case: The Economic Case, 3. Soon, T. Y., Jean, L. T., Tan, K. (2015). Applying Economic Principles to Environmental Policy.50 Years of Environment: Singapore's Journey Towards Environmental Sustainability, 45. Sun, L. G., Daniels, B. (2014). Mirrored Externalities.notre dame law review,90(1), 135.

A Deeper Look into Sony’s Woes A Strategic Analysis an Example of the Topic Science and Technology Essays by

A Deeper Look into Sony’s Woes: A Strategic Analysis Not a long time ago, when a person mentions portable audio equipment and colour television, chances are the people around him will immediately think of Sony. This Japanese company has conquered the local market and then went on to capture a huge share of the electronics market of the Western world. Need essay sample on "A Deeper Look into Sonys Woes: A Strategic Analysis" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed At one point Sony was the undisputed leader in electronics and was considered as a savvy innovator with a knack for knowing what the people need. But in the 21st century the same could not be said of the fumbling giant. This paper will look into the reason why this once runaway locomotive - its competitors cannot come even close - is loosing steam and losing money as well. After that, the proponent will offer suggestions as to how Sony can reverse the downward spiral and get back on its feet. The world will want to see that happen because everybody wants a competitive market - meaning breaking up the monopoly, better quality and competitive prices. Undergraduates Often Tell EssayLab writers: I'm not in the mood to write my essay online. I don't have the time Specialists suggest: If You Think About Someone To Write Your Paper - Essaylab The Right Place! Written Essays For Sale Buy Essays Online Runaway Train Masaru Ibuka, one of the founding fathers of Sony had a lifelong passion for electric trains (Nathan, 1999, p.1). Thus, it is just fitting to compare the electronics giant to a runaway locomotive when it was at the top of its game. With its phenomenal Walkman and Trinitron TV, Sony was for a long time, way ahead of the pack. Leading in revenues, innovation, and mass appeal. The company endeared itself to countless millions around the world with a parade of electronic products that are both cutting edge and practical. Wrong Turn Sony did not look back and continued to charge forward and working hard to dominate the industry that allow people to enjoy maximum musical entertainment as well as viewing pleasure through its portable radio and colour TV. But when it was at its peak it suddenly grew bold and ventured into unknown territory. Before the decade of the profitable 80s ended, Sony decided to expand and took a huge bite of the lucrative U.S. entertainment industry. Now, they are not simply peddlers of television sets; they also wanted to sell what can be seen on it. The move can be likened to a successful five-star restaurant that is so focused in stomping the competition that it bought its own farm. Many restaurateurs would challenge the wisdom of buying a ranch just to have a steady supply of beef and vegetables since one can just buy from suppliers at practical costs. What is more mind boggling with the acquisition of Columbia Pictures is that it is not even closely related to the electronics business in the same way as the aforementioned restaurant-farm combo. But at that time, Sony executives believed it was the right move. Richard Lynch explained it this way, "The strategic logic here was that of developing a vertically integrated company - from the service that develops the pictures and music to the machines that deliver them in individual's homes" (2006, p.207). But looking back it is still difficult to understand why "vertical integration" is possible since buying a Sony TV does not automatically result in a sudden urge to buy Columbia Pictures movies and view it using Trinitron. There were indeed many that made comments on the disastrous decision of Sony Corp. to deviate from Masaru Ibuka's original vision. Nathan in his biography of the electronics giant described the driving principle behind the company's success was, "foreseeing product application for new technologies and inspiring engineers to overreach themselves in achieving the goals he set for them" (1999, p. 25). In fact, the name Sony was not the first name for the company, it was originally called Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering Corporation, obviously telling the world that they are primarily in technology and hardware. But now, they are making movies. To provide a clear picture on how far the company has deviated from its core business, Deborah Spar in a case study of Sony corporation dissected the deal to acquire Columbia Pictures: On September 24, 1989, Sony [] bid $3.4 billion in cash for Columbia Pictures Entertainment Inc. It was the highest bid ever by a Japanese company for any U.S. property [] In addition to the cash price, the Japanese electronics giant assumed nearly $2 billion in debt and contractual obligations (2003, p. 368). As a result, things began to change from bad to worse. At the turn of the 90s, problems began piling up, specifically in relation to the acquisition of CBS Records and Columbia Pictures (Spar, 2003, p. 378), and the highlights are listed below: 1990 - Columbia Pictures Entertainment suffered negative cash flow 1991 - the combined cash flow of Sony Pictures and Sony Music turned negative 1992 - In the third quarter alone, announced a 37% decline in operating income 1993 - The film Last Action Hero a $60 million production, bombed at the box office One Two Punch It is one thing for a company to make a wrong purchase and lose some money in the process. It is also another thing to experience negative profit from a company's traditional cash cows. But this is exactly what is going on at Sony Corp. in the past few years prompting them - among other things - to hire an American CEO to whip them into shape. In 2005, Richard Lynch, relates, "Sony Corporation of Japan did something almost unheard of in Japanese business. It appointed a Welsh-born American citizen as head of the Japanese company" (2006, p. 107). Michiyo Nakamoto, writing for the Financial Times, revealed that the crisis surfaced as early as April of 2003 and she added that at the same year, "Sony revealed a sharp deterioration in its electronics business and weak mobile phone sales. It launched a costly overhaul to regain its competitive edge. Yet barely halfway through that three year exercise [] Sony is again faltering" (2005). Nakamoto (2005), listed at least five reasons for why the once robust giant is haemorrhaging money from the core: a) severe pressure on prices; b) missed opportunities; c) need to buy components; d) threat of new format wars; e) inflexibility when it comes to proprietary aspect of software and hardware. Richard Lynch on the other hand complements Nakamoto's observation with his own, saying that Sony's woes can be partially due to the following: a) threat from low-wage labour manufacturing and b) shifting away from innovative products e.g. liquid crystal display (LCD) screens (20006, p. 108) The following pages will explore Nakamoto and Lynch's observations in detail. Price War Technological breakthroughs in manufacturing have reached a level never before seen, since the Industrial Revolution when the concept of mass production was first introduced. Nowadays, it is not just the speed at which products can be manufactured that brings a smile to businessmen. It is also the speed at which it can be delivered around the world. In connection a factory on the other side of the globe can purchase components from thousands of miles away. And expect delivery in a timely manner. In other words, there are a lot of incentives for those who would venture in the manufacturing business, especially those dealing with easily assembled electronics equipment. A mother company can send components to a country that offers low labour cost and then shipped back the assembled product to the point of origin, to be repackaged as Made in UK for instance. It is common knowledge that competition inside a given industry can start a price war that can cause prices of goods to plummet. It is therefore imperative that the leader's of that said industry to protect its turf and not allow new entrants to become player's in their field. Porter's Five Forces a tool to help understand how the competition behaves in a free market economy also explains how a new entrant can get in and play with the big boys. In Porter's Five Forces model, one can see that, "If incumbent firms in the industry can keep potential entrants at bay and dissuade them from ever entering the industry, the entire subject of competition and its impact on incumbent firms' profits becomes moot"(Stahl & Grigsby, 1997, p. 146). To clarify their point, Stahl and Grigsby used the example of a beloved American product, Harley-Davidson motorcycles' rude awakening in the hands of brutal competition and they wrote: In the 1970s many Harley executives thought that the barriers to entry into the upscale American motorcycle industry were too high because of the capital requirements and customer loyalty. Consequently, they viewed the competition in terms of other American firms and paid little attention to potential Japanese entrants (1997, p. 146). In a similar fashion, Sony was not able to anticipate that a time will come when it would be easy to manufacture components to make electronic equipment. This is became reality in the advent of digital technology. It was already too late when Sony executives found out that the "result of industry-wide changes [] has lowered entry barrier to the sector, increasing competition and spurring price wars" (Nakamoto, 2005). The above-mentioned analysis regarding easy entry into the electronics industry was confirmed by Sony's chief financial officer himself, Katsumi Ihara, who said, "A big problem right now is that almost anybody can make the finished products, because the key parts are readily available" (as cited in Nakamoto, 2005). It is therefore ironic that a Japanese corporation forgot the lessons learned by Harley-Davidson, a company that was brought to its knees by a rival Japanese firm. Finally, the low-labour manufacturing scheme that has affected other industries has now plagued Sony as well. Their decision to move some of their manufacturing facilities to countries with low labour is not enough since other factors are keeping Sony from reducing their overhead costs. Buying Components Aside from the threat of competition and the threat of low labour manufacturing, Sony has another hurdle to overcome. The company was caught flat-footed in the fast transition to new technologies. Therefore, "Sony, which had not invested in manufacturing LCD panels, was forced to buy them from competitors" (Nakamoto, 2005). This forced move is an attempt to stay afloat and stay relevant but it has made Sony, a follower and no longer the leader. Missed Opportunities Sony became a victim of its own success. It came to a point that it was so dominant, it did not care what others were doing. At the same time they were counting on customer loyalty because their products performed very well and there is nothing out there that came close. Until, technology again provided a lift for its competitors, but Sony did not ride the wave, preferring instead to rise on its own power. That was a costly mistake, because what matters is the market - the law of demand and supply so to speak. Recovering Public's Confidence Perhaps there was never a good time for this company to innovate than now. In the face of rampaging Apple's iPods and iMacs plus flat screen TVs from other rivals, Sony has to come to its senses and awaken the same spirit that guided its founding fathers. Nathan, who wrote an intimate biography of the Nippon conglomerate, provided an insight into the early days of Sony. The word Sony came from the name imprinted on boxes of Soni-tape that the company had been marketing since 1950. Then Morita, one of the founding fathers combined it with the English sonny-boy, "an expression that conveyed to him the youthful energy and irreverence he wanted at the heart of the company" (1999, p 52). This same youthful exuberance and disrespect for the status quo has driven Sony to create out of the box concepts and unconventional solutions. This same mindset is needed now. There are many things that are blocking the path to innovation. The first hurdle can be surprising to most because it is related to their purchase of CBS Records. Since, the newly renamed Sony Music is now creating music, Sony executives could not encourage a technology that could easily copy, store, and share the fruits of their music studio's labour. The result was again another forced move, "it worked to discourage the electronics division from marketing a portable player that could download music from the internet" (Nakamoto, 2005). Another barrier to innovation was rather baffling because of the stubbornness of Sony to abandon outmoded proprietary standards. When the rest of the world was using MP3, Sony on the other hand continued to use, "its own compression software, developed for the MiniDisc and called it Atrac" (Nakamoto, 2005). Profitable Businesses Another way to recover the public's confidence is to refocus on profitable businesses. There are at least three key businesses that Sony has to develop further, making them more competitive and these are: Sony Ericsson - joint venture with Swedish group was very profitable Sony Vaio - stylish PC with high quality audio and video functions Sony PlayStation - the PlayStation Portable variant's first 200,000 units was sold out Porter's Forces Other manufacturing firms should learn from the mistakes of Sony. Porter's five forces could be used to fully understand the lessons that can be gleaned from Sony's failures. The first one was already discussed earlier and it was the "threat of new entrants". The second factor to consider is the "bargaining power of buyers" and with regards to this one, Sony learned that customer loyalty is only possible with a continuous offering of innovative and high quality products. The third factor is the "bargaining power of suppliers" and with the need to buy LCD components Sony was placed at a disadvantage since it could not make its own. This was a problem easily remedied by a conglomerate that could easily develop this kind of technology. The fourth factor is the "threat of substitutes" and with the proliferation of cheap and easily manufactured equipment the only way Sony can distance itself from copycats is to be always produce cutting edge technology. The fifth factor is "rivalry among existing firms" and to be able to lead the pack, the solution is still the same - innovative products. S.W.O.T. Analysis There is another tool that other firms can use to understand Sony's woes and in the process learn from it. S.W.O.T. is an acronym that stands for strength, weakness, opportunities, and threats. Sony should focus on its strengths such as, "miniaturisation and high quality audio technology" (Nakamoto, 2005). Its current weakness, which other firms should be wary of, is its inability to make unrelated businesses to complement each other. This is because, in the first place it should not have acquired these businesses as was explained earlier. The opportunities and threats aspect of the S.W.O.T. analysis was amply described earlier with the use of Porter's five forces strategic analysis tool. Conclusion What used to be an innovative company, seemed to have lost its way in the ultra-competitive market of electronics manufacturing. One of the major reasons for its slide into the low achievers group is its reluctance to innovate. An example of this is its insistence on the use of unique compressions software called Atrac. Sony was mislead into thinking that since they used to dictate the market then it will be the same each time they are going to release a product. Truth is, the market will dictate what kind of products should be manufactured and looking back the consumers preferred efficiency and low cost equipment. Since MP3 is easier to download and easy to use with other equipment, it became the standard for portable audio devices. Sony ignored this fact and it cost them a lot. What is mind boggling with Sony's unwillingness to innovate is the fact that it used to be a cutting edge company, willing to go against the status quo. But now it seems content to rest on its laurels. The second reason why it is hard to understand their behaviour is the fact that they already experienced the same problem with Betamax. This was a videotape format pioneered by Sony that eventually did not earn the support of the industry because many preferred a better format called VHS. The Betamax debacle should have been enough to warn them of the impracticality of trying to force things on the consumer. But the more significant blunder of the company to date was its purchase of Columbia Pictures and CBS Records. The acquisitions made them loose focus and they deviated from their core business. The intended "vertical integration" did not happen and instead became the cause for a serious loss in revenue. The acquisition continued to haunt Sony Corporation. A conflict of interest prevented them to develop a product that encourages easy to pass around music files. Therefore, it did not encourage its engineers to create a device that can easily download music. Meanwhile, iPod began to assert itself in the portable audio equipment market and began luring away Sony's loyal customers with its innovative design, functionality and easy access to the downloadable music. There are many things that Sony can do to get back on track. But at this point it is imperative that they sell Sony Music Entertainment and Sony Pictures Entertainment. The movies and music department offers very little promise of becoming dominant in their respective fields. If competition in the electronics industry is tough, therefore with the entertainment industry, it is brutal. At least, with Sony focusing on portable audio devices, coloured TV sets, laptops, and games consoles, it is working within its comfort zone. For decades it has demonstrated its ability to think outside the box and was hugely successful doing so. All is not lost though, since Sony with its decades of experience in the electronics industry possesses the knowledge and facilities to come up with the next big thing. Judging by the rate at which technology changes, Sony may just be in time to catch the next wave. References Lynch, R. (2006). Shaking Up Sony: Restoring the Profits and the Innovative Fire Nakamoto, M. (2005). Caught in Its Own Trap: Sony Battle to Make Headway in the Networked World. Financial Times: London Nathan, J. (1999). Sony: The Private Life. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. Spar, D. (2003). Managing International Trade and Investment. London, UK: Imperial College Press. Frisch, A. (2004). The Story of Sony. Minnesota, U.S.: Smart Apple Media. Stahl, M. & Grigsby, D. (1997). Strategic Management: Total Quality and Global Competition. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers, Ltd.

How to Write a Great Peer Recommendation

How to Write a Great Peer Recommendation SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips So your friend/sibling/classmate wants you to write her a peer recommendation. Being the awesome friend/sibling/classmate that you are, you've not only agreed to write the letter, but you plan to write the BEST recommendation letter of all time. Apart from good intentions (check!), what else do you need to write an outstanding peer recommendation? This guide will break down the content and structure of peer reference letters so you can help get your bestie into the college of her dreams (which is probably Dartmouth or Davidson, the only colleges I currently know of that require peer evaluations). First, here is your mission, since you've chosen to accept it. The Purpose of the Peer Recommendation So far, only Dartmouth and Davidson ask for a peer evaluation as part of their applications. Some students choose to send one as a supplementary letter of recommendation. This can be a good idea if it adds an important dimension to their application or makes up for lackluster letters from teachers and counselors who don't know them well. In most circumstances, extra material tends to be discouraged, or admissions officers might prefer that the additional letter come from a coach, boss, or other supervisory person. For Dartmouth and Davidson, though, the peer letter of recommendation is an important part of the application. A mediocre one probably won't destroy an application, but a truly outstanding one can give it a serious boost. What a truly outstanding letter can do is give deep insight into a student's character and personality, beyond what a teacher or counselor can communicate in their evaluation. Obviously Dartmouth, as an Ivy League school, is incredibly selective and has high academic expectations. Davidson is also quite selective and chooses highly academically driven students. However, the peer recommendation isn't really meant to rave about a peer's academic abilities. Instead, it can speak to the applicant's character and personality, as well as to how she'll interact socially on a college campus. According to Dartmouth, it doesn't "want another letter from a teacher, coach, or other supervisory presence in your life; we have enough of those. Ask a peer who can provide fresh insight into our interests and your character." Davidson, similarly, says, "You, as a close friend or classmate, know the applicant in a different way than do teachers, counselors, principals, and advisors. Your insights will help us to understand the nature and extent of the respect accorded to the applicant by peers." In addition to a statement of support, Davidson asks peer recommenders to rate their friends on qualities like self-confidence, leadership, concern for others, reaction to criticism, and energy and initiative. As a peer recommender, you can give another dimension to and perspective on your friend's personality and help the admissions committee get to know him/her more deeply. This may sound like a tall order, because it is! But before you start worrying about getting writer's block, read on for suggestions on how to start. How do I help my friend get into college?! How to Write a Strong Peer Recommendation The best rec letters aren't written in a day, and it's definitely a good idea to consult a guide like this, rather than just winging it. Let's break down the steps to writing a great peer recommendation, starting with brainstorming. Step 1: Brainstorm Ah brainstorming, that oft suggested but little used first step. While perhaps you can afford to skip this step in other pieces of writing, I strongly recommend taking the time to do some mental mapping before writing your peer recommendation. The reason for this is that the best recommendation letters are focused and specific. They highlight the most important strengths and impressive qualities in the applicants. Rather than presenting someone as well-rounded in everything, the most memorable reference letters zero in on particular areas. Then they tell specific stories that illustrate and, in a sense, provide evidence for these qualities. There are three main questions you should ask yourself before you start outlining and drafting: What qualities most impress me about my peer? What specific examples and anecdotes can I provide to demonstrate these qualities? What tone should I use to best express my recommendation? Let's consider each of these questions individually. First, what qualities do you want to highlight? I plan to highlight your exceptional fuzziness. Personal Qualities and Traits As you start brainstorming, try to come up with a list of the qualities that most impress you and others about your friend. Is s(he) exceptionally loyal? Supportive? Confident? Adventurous? How about encouraging, mature, energetic, insightful, or brilliant? This is a great stage to consult with your friend and get a sense of what she's writing about in his/her application or if she's applying to any particular program. If she's highlighting her passion for world events and multicultural exchange, for example, you could talk about that time you both went on the school trip to Europe and she conversed with all the people you met. If she's applying to be pre-med, you could talk about her passion for helping people and somewhat annoying tendency to pick science documentaries on movie nights. In other words, find out what your friend is saying in other parts of her application, as well as what's missing. Then figure out how you can both complement and add further dimension to her story. Once you have your list, try to narrow it down to the three or four qualities that best characterize your friend. Consider whether they're the type of qualities that will impress admissions officers (though don't worry too much about this; you don't want your letter to read as if you're just saying what you think they'd like to hear). What I mean is stating that your friend is always the life of the party might come off as immature, whereas saying she takes on a role of leadership in group situations and has a great talent for mobilizing and energizing people might be interpreted more favorably. Once you've narrowed down the traits you'd like to focus on in your letter, you can move onto the second phase of brainstorming: thinking of specific stories and examples. That time you saved Timmy from the well is a perfect example of your bravery and selflessness. Anecdotes and Examples Which of these excerpts is more effective: 1. Anna is a kind person who loves to help others. She is a caring friend and student. 2. When Anna realized our school didn't provide any orientation for new students, she organized a club calledNew Kids on the Block, where new and established students get together to have lunch and share their experiences. This is just one example of her kind and loving spirit and drive to make everyone feel connected and included. The first is fine, but it doesn't do much to differentiate Anna from other applicants whose friends speak of their kind and caring nature. The second, though, proves that Anna cares about others and paints a picture of her organizing a club and bringing students together in the school. Just like you use examples to support your points in a persuasive essay for English class, you can use meaningful stories to illuminate your friend's character. This will sound more powerful and effective, plus it will help your letter stand out among the rest. This approach will make it a more interesting piece of writing overall, rather than a list of positive adjectives that blend together before a tired admission officer's eyes. In other words, don't just tell the college how great your friend is. Show them. Think About Tone Finally, I would suggest considering tone and style. Your recommendation doesn't have to sound especially formal, like most teachers and counselors' letters would. As a peer, you can write more intimately and personally, as well as inject humor into your writing. At the same time, don't try to be funny if comical writing isn't your strong suit. Instead, choose the tone that's most authentic for you and can most powerfully communicate a vision of your friend. Perhaps most important is to sound earnest, sincere, and heartfelt. After you've brainstormed and determined the focus of your letter, it's time to start outlining and drafting. The following structure is a helpful guide for most peer recommendation letters. Structure is very important. Those sticks aren't going to pile themselves. Want to write the perfect college application essay? Get professional help from PrepScholar. Your dedicated PrepScholar Admissions counselor will craft your perfect college essay, from the ground up. We'll learn your background and interests, brainstorm essay topics, and walk you through the essay drafting process, step-by-step. At the end, you'll have a unique essay that you'll proudly submit to your top choice colleges. Don't leave your college application to chance. Find out more about PrepScholar Admissions now: Step 2: Outline and Draft Letters of recommendation are typically one page. It may go onto a second page, but I wouldn't advise making it much longer than that. While you can be creative in your presentation, there are a few key elements that all rec letters should include. Let's start with what should go into the introduction. Introduction At the beginning of your evaluation, you should state your support for your friend's application to the school. You should also say who you are, what your relationship to the applicant is, and how long you've known her. This gives weight to your qualifications to assess the applicant. If there are any other special circumstances that make you an especially good person to evaluate her, then you can include those as well. All of these elements - your statement of support, introduction of yourself, and qualifier of your relationship - could be wrapped into one, or stated separately, like in these few examples. I'm so excited to picture Allie on Dartmouth's campus. I have no doubt that she will bring the same infectious energy, silly humor, and deep friendship with her that she's shown to me and our peers all through high school. I'm honored and excited to provide this statement of support for David, who I recommend without reservation for Davidson College. When I was the nervous new kid in 6th grade, Sam didn't hesitate to invite me to sit next to her at lunch and show me around the school. Her caring and compassion for others, combined with her fearlessness in making new friends, makes me completely certain that she'll have no trouble adjusting to college campus life. From study groups to sleepovers, track meets to a tour bus on our school trip to Italy, I've gotten to know Jess as a student, athlete, explorer, and, most importantly, best friend. Again, it's up to you to decide how exactly you want to start your recommendation, but your introductory paragraph should include an actual statement of recommendation, along with the context of your relationship to the applicant and hint as to why it makes you qualified to assess him/her. Which brings us to the next part of the letter, the actual evaluation of your friend. Let me tell you a story... Assessment: Description and Stories Once you've made the proper introductions, you can dive into the meat of your recommendation: your assessment of and stories about your friend. Again, don't feel like you have to run down the list of every well-rounded quality you can think of. The best recommendation letters dive deep into a few key characteristics, rather than trying to cover everything in one page. Do you ever hear so much about a person that you feel like you've met her in real life? That's what your letter can help do for admissions officers. Assuming they won't actually meet her, your letter, along with the other recommendations and personal essay, can help your friend come alive as a complex, multi-faceted individual poised to take on a successful role at their college. In about two paragraphs, you can present what's so impressive about your friend, of course including stories and examples to back it up. Here are a couple examples. When we got hopelessly lost down the winding alleys of Venice, Jess sprang into action, calling on her advanced knowledge of Italian to communicate with locals and lead us out of the maze. When David and I go hiking, he has an almost encyclopedic knowledge of both the common and scientific names of every plant, flower, and tree that we walk past. You might be wondering if you should present weaknesses in your letter. Will discussing only strengths come off as overblown and insincere? Most schools do encourage evaluators to present a balanced view of a candidate, and suggesting areas for growth won't necessarily detract from the impression you make. A good rule of thumb is to present more strengths than weaknesses to balance them out, as well as to suggest how that weakness can be viewed as a strength. For instance, Sam can be overly critical of herself at times, but she uses her high expectations to be always improving herself. When she scored lower than expected on her first chemistry test, she sprang into study mode and used her disappointment to fuel her motivation and ace the next one. Sam strongly believes in her capacity to continually grow, learn, and improve. Overall, I believe you can rave about your friend while still maintaining a realistic and balanced tone, along with including the examples and stories to back up your evaluation. Finally, you can use the conclusion to reiterate how much you believe in your friend. Let's wrap this up...I have a very important nap to take. Conclusion In the conclusion to your peer recommendation, it's a good idea to restate your support for your friend, much as you did in the introduction, as well as describe how you envision her at college. Just like pieces of writing can grab a reader's attention with a strong hook at the beginning, they can leave a memorable impression with a strong statement at the end. Think of the main impression you want to leave in admissions officers' minds after they finish reading. Why is it in their and the college's best interest to accept your friend? Brian is the most talented, motivated, and well-spoken person I know. I recommend him enthusiastically for admission to Dartmouth. Sam has always aspired to study medicine and help make the world a healthier and more equitable place. I truly can't think of anyone better suited for this role. Who's that person I see in the bustling newsroom, writing groundbreaking stories as lead editor of The Dartmouth one year from today? Oh right, that's Sam. She's doing an amazing job, just as we all knew she would. After drafting your letter of recommendation, go ahead and hit submit. Just kidding. You should definitely take the time to revise this important piece of writing. Not just yet, carrier pigeon...there's still some revising to do. Step 3: Revision Hurray! You have your first draft of your peer recommendation complete. Now how can you make it even better? First off, I would again encourage you to check that you've given explicit examples and stories. Make sure it doesn't sound too abstract and uses anecdotes to demonstrate, rather than simply describe. As they say (whoever "they" is), actions speak louder than words. Additionally, consider your word choice. Did you use "nice" when "generous" or "compassionate" might have been more appropriate? I'm not saying to use a thesaurus and add long synonyms where plain words work just as well, but check that you're using accurate and powerful words that express exactly what you want to say about your friend. It's also good to avoid cliches and consider how you can phrase your sentences in a fresh and creative way. In a similar sense, pay close attention to your phrasing and consider whether it could come off in the wrong way. You might want to ask someone else to read it and give you feedback. For instance, you might want to express how close your friendship is by saying, "My friend is so loyal that we've done everything together since elementary school." While this sounds great to you, it might come off as if your friend is disinterested in connecting with other people. Make sure that your phrasing is on point and won't be taken as a negative when you mean it to be positive. You may even show the letter to your friend for feedback and comments. This is up to you, as recommendation letters are generally thought to be confidential and you're not obligated to show her. Once you've made sure the spelling, grammar, and sentence structure is flawless and it reads as a powerful statement of support for your friend, you can go ahead and submit the letter to the college. Step 4: Submit Your Letter As peer recommender, you absolutely must get your recommendation in by the stated deadline. Make sure you know when that deadline is and exactly how to submit (no frantic midnight phone calls about the Common App website being down or your internet not working). Your friend will invite you as the "Other Recommender" on the Common App for Dartmouth, and you'll likely upload your Davidson recommendation here. Once everything's done and submitted, you can give yourself a pat on the back. You're an awesome friend! Job well done! Time to stretch, maybe throw on a party hat. Final Thoughts One of the most important takeaways of this guide to writing a peer recommendation is that animals are super cute and photogenic. A second important point (and one that's actually relevant) is that you don't have to be formal, comment on your friend's academic abilities, or try to emulate a teacher or counselor. Instead, your letter can shed light on your friend's personality, character, and social skills. The best letters are specific and vivid. Rather than using generic praise or speaking in cliches, they are fortified with real examples and stories. Your writing should demonstrate that you know your friend well and are qualified to assess her. Above all, remember your mission: helping your friend get accepted to college (and probably a selective, competitive college like Dartmouth or Davidson). Convince the admissions officers of your friend's outstanding qualities, and show them why they need her at their school. What's Next? Is getting into an Ivy League school like spinning a roulette wheel for everyone, or do some students have much higher chances than others? Read this complete guide on How to Get Into Harvard by a Harvard alum, and learn how you can up the odds in your favor. Besides getting strong recommendations, you want to make sure every aspect of your application tells a powerful and unique story about who you are as a student and person. Learn more about how to build a versatile college application. Are you or your friend applying to Dartmouth? This article discusses how to get a great peer recommendation specifically for this competitive Ivy League school. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in.

Corporate governance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Corporate governance - Essay Example However, with tightening the belt on the expenditure Stamford International could realize a fruitful financial year as the previous year. With a successful previous financial year, the company has been reluctant to ensure that all expenditure and incomes in the company are appropriately analyzed. The company needs to streamline all the departmental heads. The departmental head should ensure all expenses in the departmental are tightened in order to provide extra cents in value in the earning per share. The effort the staff had displayed did not continue. We had achieved more than the company’s expectations. This made all staff members relax. If this continues, the earning per share may reach a record low value of 3 cents per share. Regardless of the internal conflicts a company has; the investors and stakeholders should not be dragged to the mud. The current situation may result to stakeholders selling their shares at a lower price. In this first quarter, the value per share i s at 47 cents. This is a 5 cent deficit from the previous year’s first quarter earnings. If all departments could maximize their efforts, the company would even be able to exceed the value of 52 cents per share. The earning 52 cents per share in one quarter shows the potential of this organization. In the board meeting we had after the first results of this quarter, all the shareholders had recommendations and corrections they would have implemented. These recommendations would enable the organization to add the value of its share. From the meeting, I realized the company was not operating at its full potential and with adjustments department head could increase the output of the company. It was also generated from the board meeting that investors would abandon the company if we do not register I higher share value in the second first quarter. Additionally, if this scenario does not change, shareholders may opt to sell their shares at lower prices in order to avoid getting ve ry low dividends. This meant that the second quarter of this financial year would be the determinant of whether or not the company will retain its shareholders and investors. The move to start streamlining the company from the departments is the fact that some departments played a significant role in the declining in the value of the company’s shares. For instance, the procurement department contributed to a 2 cents loss per share. This loss was generated from bad inventory the department had received. The negligence of this department made the company incur expenses in replacing the bad inventory. This expense could be avoided if the department was under proper management. In my opinion, the public presentation of the earning per share should be increased in figures. However, these adjustments should be made in consideration of what the earning peer share could be if all expenses remained constant in all quarters (6). The company should also use forecasts in planning the adj ustment. However, forecasted figures developed should be accurate. The agreement should also be jointly be reached upon by the management and board members. In my opinion, the management should consider increasing the earning per share by 5 cents. In adding 5 cents on the current 47 cents per share, the value will rise to 52 cents per share. Since we are at the first quarter, 52 cents earning per share will portray a good progress among the stakeholders. This will also lead

Issues on Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Issues on Terrorism - Essay Example The administration tried hard to get as much support from all countries all over the world againts terrorism, the same way that they were preventive to declare war, which if pursued, is expected to affect other muslim regions. Persons that are socially alienated, "drop outs" of the society, unemployed and those with less attainment in education are those who often join and become terrorists out their boredom, desires for adventure, with motivations to use special skills, such as production of bombs and high level interest in religious and political pursuit (Hudson, 1999, p 24-25). Note that, Al Queda existed as a network at the same time as a large organizational structure of salafist majahedin terrorist. On the basis of the ideals to defend muslim community, expectedly, Muslim men from all over the world may join the militant jihad, particularly those who have implanted within themselves hatred and oversees that the influence of western countries as well as their allies pose threat to their areas of jurisdiction Norton and Company, 2004). More than a propaganda, social bonds contribute to mujahedin recruitment. As reported by Professore Sageman from University of Pennsylvania, 70% of the recruited terrrorists have travelled abroad and were from outside their native land. Recruitment begins through social networking formed at the mosque. Individuals may also seek to join other local or other groups. The recruited candidates for Al Queda may be trained in the camps of Afghanistan and Pakistan. The recruitment is not based on the number of recruits but the quality of the newly recruited members. Additional new members of the group may be recruited from other jihad groups whose goal are limited only to their respective organization. Moreover, Al Queda has the chance to recruit experts hire services as well, intended for their planned mission or operation. Sources of Revenue The notable characteristics of the group's leaders are their ability to network and obtain funds. Some of them are able to finance, like Osama bin Ladin. Their associates who constitute also the committees, are the heads of the military, political, financial, security, foreign purchase and information. According to one study of the United Nations, Al Queda gave Jemaah Islamiah $ 130,000 for 1996-2001 and additional cost of $ 200,000 for the operations beginning 2000. Main sources of revenue are derived from illegal activities such as drug, counterfeiting, weapon, forgery, kidnapping, Issues on Terrorism 3 charitable donations, businesses and many more ( Aboul-Enein, 2003). In addition, Al Queda also have collaborative relationship with wealthy Zakat Sponsors, charity fronts, businesses and also money laundering banks (Brisard, 2002, p 7). Furthermore, example of a financial supporter of the group, is a charity founded by brother in law of Osama, International Relation and Information Center. It was confirmed by the US officials that ample finances of Al Queda and other organizations under its umbrella originate from loyal Baathists, charities,